Quantifying the efficiency and biases of forest Saccharomyces sampling strategies

Saccharomyces yeasts are emerging as model organisms for ecology and evolution, and researchers need environmental Saccharomyces isolates to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. However, methods for isolating Saccharomyces from nature have not been standardized, and isolation methods may influence the genotypes and phenotypes of studied strains. We compared the effectiveness and potential biases of an established enrichment culturing method against a newly developed direct plating method for isolating forest floor Saccharomyces spp. In a European forest, enrichment culturing was both less successful at isolating Saccharomyces paradoxus per sample collected and less labour intensive per isolated S. paradoxus colony than direct isolation. The two methods sampled similar S. paradoxus diversity: The number of unique genotypes sampled (i.e., genotypic diversity) per S. paradoxus isolate and average growth rates of S. paradoxus isolates did not differ between the two methods, and growth rate variances (i.e., phenotypic diversity) only differed in one of three tested environments. However, enrichment culturing did detect rare Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the forest habitat and also found two S. paradoxus isolates with outlier phenotypes. Our results validate the historically common method of using enrichment culturing to isolate representative collections of environmental Saccharomyces. We recommend that researchers choose a Saccharomyces sampling method based on resources available for sampling and isolate screening. Researchers interested in discovering new Saccharomyces phenotypes or rare Saccharomyces species from natural environments may also have more success using enrichment culturing. We include step-by-step sampling protocols in the supplemental materials.     

可控中高软压光控制策略分析

可控中高软压光具有纸面整饰作用,可大幅提高纸张平滑度、光泽度。重点介绍可控中高软压光系统组成、工作原理及液压系统组成。研究其控制策略并应用ESC700系统实现其控制过程。     

生物负载微孔渗水型混凝土对土壤中残留毒死蜱的去除试验

为了解决农村农药面源污染问题，利用小流量渗透法将毒死蜱降解菌负载在微孔渗水型混凝土上，研究不同降雨强度下不同孔隙率混凝土对毒死蜱的降解截留效果。结果表明:对于3种不同透水系数的微孔混凝土，微孔渗水型混凝土负载生物量和生物活性随孔隙率增大呈先升高后降低趋势；对于两种不同的降雨强度，毒死蜱降解率最优的都是孔隙率为48.1%的试样；降雨强度较大时，土壤中毒死蜱析出质量浓度较高，且降雨强度越大析出速度越快，试样对析出的毒死蜱降解效果越差。微孔渗水型混凝土对土壤中残留毒死蜱具有较好的去除效果，材料本身具有高强度、高寿命、低成本等特点，在土壤护坡、河流护岸等方面具有较好的应用前景。     

Field study of a retaining wall constructed with clay-filled soilbags

This paper presents a field study of constructing retaining walls using soilbags that are formed by filling the excavated clayey soils into woven bags (geosynthetics). The strength and deformation of the soilbags filled with clayey soils were studied via laboratory tests. A 100?m testing retaining wall was constructed with soilbags in a waterway project. The lateral deformation, the lateral pressures and the surface settlements of the testing retaining wall were monitored during construction and after 7 months operation. The results show that the soilbags can increase the strength of clayey soils. After 7 months of the completion, the lateral deformation and the surface settlement of the testing retaining wall tend to be stable with the maximum values of 29.4?cm and 19.2?cm, respectively. The lateral earth pressure on the front retaining structure could be positively reduced owing to the interlayer's friction of soilbags. Compared to the conventional gravity concrete retaining wall, about 38% construction cost was saved in the 100?m testing retaining wall.     

土壤重金属光谱检测方法的应用研究

针对土壤重金属,在简述其危害的基础上,对其光谱检测方法具体应用进行深入分析,以此为实际的重金属检测工作提供理论参考,保证检测结果准确性与可靠性。     

保护层一次钻爆技术在三峡工程的研究与应用

从孔间、孔内双微差起爆和孔底设置柔性垫层分析“梯段炮孔加柔性垫层”的作用成因；从水平预裂和梯段孔深的确定分析“梯段炮孔加水平预裂”的作用成因，并通过试验及爆前、爆后检测和检查，说明这两种保护层一次钻爆技术理论上是可行的，在实践上很适合大中型水电工程保护层开挖。     

被动区土体加固技术在福州软土地区深基坑中的应用

本文针对被动区加固技术在福州软土地区的应用,结合福州市民服务中心工程的工程实际情况,通过分析研究被动区加固技术的作用原理,对水泥土搅拌工艺技术进行总结和改进。     

土层锚杆在深基坑支护中的应用研究

针对土层锚杆在深基坑支护中的应用,提出一种适用于实际工程支护设计的数学方法。通过对土层锚杆支护理论及受力机理进行研究分析,结合锚杆支护在地铁深基坑工程中的应用实例,基于锚杆抗拔承载力试验及锚杆轴力的监测数据,采用统计归纳的数学分析方法,对几种设计理论与实测结果之间的关系进行分析,提出了采用粘结强度影响系数法对土层锚杆在深基坑支护工程中的应用进行设计的数学描述,给出了相应的数学表达式。